Can We Accurately Characterize Wildlife Resource Use When Telemetry Data Are Imprecise?

ABSTRACT Telemetry data have been widely used to quantify wildlife habitat relationships despite the fact that these data are inherently imprecise. All telemetry data have positional error, and failure to account for that error can lead to incorrect predictions of wildlife resource use. Several techniques have been used to account for positional error in wildlife studies. These techniques have been described in the literature, but their ability to accurately characterize wildlife resource use has never been tested. We evaluated the performance of techniques commonly used for incorporating telemetry error into studies of wildlife resource use. Our evaluation was based on imprecise telemetry data (mean telemetry error = 174 m, SD = 130 m) typical of field-based studies. We tested 5 techniques in 10 virtual environments and in one real-world environment for categorical (i.e., habitat types) and continuous (i.e., distances or elevations) rasters. Technique accuracy varied by patch size for the categorical rasters, with higher accuracy as patch size increased. At the smallest patch size (1 ha), the technique that ignores error performed best on categorical data (0.31 and 0.30 accuracy for virtual and real data, respectively); however, as patch size increased the bivariate-weighted technique performed better (0.56 accuracy at patch sizes >31 ha) and achieved complete accuracy (i.e., 1.00 accuracy) at smaller patch sizes (472 ha and 1,522 ha for virtual and real data, respectively) than any other technique. We quantified the accuracy of the continuous covariates using the mean absolute difference (MAD) in covariate value between true and estimated locations. We found that average MAD varied between 104 m (ignore telemetry error) and 140 m (rescale the covariate data) for our continuous covariate surfaces across virtual and real data sets. Techniques that rescale continuous covariate data or use a zonal mean on values within a telemetry error polygon were significantly less accurate than other techniques. Although the technique that ignored telemetry error performed best on categorical rasters with smaller average patch sizes (i.e., ≤31 ha) and on continuous rasters in our study, accuracy was so low that the utility of using point-based approaches for quantifying resource use is questionable when telemetry data are imprecise, particularly for small-patch habitat relationships.     

Ecological aspects of a silicified bivalve fauna from the Silurian of Gotland

The silicified Wenlockian (Silurian) bivalve fauna from MÖllbos, Gotland, is part of a life assemblage. The vast number of shells show unusual phenomena, e.g. shell repair, pearl and tumour formation, etc. A number of shells contain epibionts and bored, round holes. Presumptive predators of the bivalve community are discussed. Size-frequency distribution of the two most abundant species possibly reflects age classes. The fauna, comprising eleven species, is dominated by deposit-feeders (90 %). They exhibit niche diversification, including at least three different feeding levels within the sediment.     

Temperature-induced modifications in the surface features of stamens of a tomato mutant: An SEM study

Summary Stamenless-2 (sl₂/sl₂) is a temperature-sensitive mutant of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) which exhibits altered stamen development under different temperatures (Sawhney 1983). By using scanning electron microscopy, this study was conducted to investigate the differentiation of surface features of mutant and normal stamens grown under different temperatures, with the view to further determine the role of temperature in gene expression in stamen development. Mutant stamens grown under intermediate temperatures (23 °C day/18 °C night) differed from the normal in hair production, the shape of epidermal cells and in the pattern of cuticular thickenings. Under low temperatures (18 °C day/15 °C night), all surface features of mutant stamens closely resembled the normal, whereas under high temperatures (28 °C day/23 °C night), the patterns and types of hairs, epidermal cells, stomata, and cuticular thickenings on mutant stamens were similar to that of a gynoecium. The staminal features of normal stamens were not affected by different temperatures. This study shows that the expression of the sl₂/sl₂ allele is influenced by temperature conditions to the extent that the pattern of cellular differentiation characteristic of either the stamens or the carpels can be induced in mutant stamens.     

中国特有植物台湾杉的生物学特性及其保护

本文全面地综述了我国一级国家重点保护植物台湾杉的生物学特性,其中有外部形态特征,内部结构包括苗端、叶片、树皮及木材结构,雌雄配子体与胚胎发育,花粉和染色体。此外还有台湾杉的组织培养、地理分布,生态学与群落学特性等。最后,本文作者还初步分析了台湾杉的濒危原因,并提出了具体保护措施。     

陕西省常见蜜源植物花粉形态的研究

运用扫描电子显微镜,对陕西省境内３０种常见蜜源植物的花粉粒进行了观察研究,描述了花粉粒的大小、萌发孔类型及其表面纹饰等形态特征。结果表明：绝大多数种的蜜源植物,其花粉粒的形态特征明显不同。本文还就花粉粒形态特征,在鉴定蜜源植物花粉的属种,确定蜂蜜的产地、评价蜂蜜的品质等方面进行了探讨。     

湖北竹溪植被的基本特征

竹溪县现有种子植物１２７科４８３属８６３种。地理成分复杂,联系广泛,以温带成分占主导地位,占非世界分布属的６４．８３％,热带分布属则占２９．３９％,木本植物占种子植物总数的４２．５９％,主要植补类型计７个植补型组,１０个植被型,４９个联系。地处竹溪中南部的云雾溪是目前亚热带区域保存较为完整,具有多方面保护价值的综合区,建议辟为自然保护区。     

肝细胞肝癌组织GPSM2、GFPT2、SNORA51 mRNA表达与临床病理特征的关系及对预后的影响研究

摘要 目的：探讨肝细胞肝癌（HCC）组织G蛋白信号调节蛋白2（GPSM2）、谷氨酰胺果糖-6-磷酸转氨酶2（GFPT2）、核仁小RNA 51（SNORA51） mRNA表达与临床病理特征的关系及对预后的影响。方法：选择2017年1月～2018年12月于内蒙古医科大学附属医院诊断并经手术切除治疗的HCC患者60例。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（RT-qPCR）检测HCC组织、癌旁组织中GPSM2 、GFPT2 、SNORA51 mRNA表达情况,分析GPSM2、GFPT2 、SNORA51的mRNA表达与HCC患者临床病理特征的关系。随访3年,应用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析不同分组HCC患者预后情况,并应用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析HCC患者预后的影响因素。结果：HCC组织中GPSM2、GFPT2 、SNORA51 mRNA表达水平显著高于癌旁组织（P<0.05）。HCC组织中GPSM2 mRNA高表达组、GFPT2 mRNA高表达组、SNORA51mRNA高表达组血管侵犯、TNM分期Ⅲ期比例显著高于GPSM2 mRNA低表达组、GFPT2 mRNA低表达组、SNORA51mRNA低表达组（P<0.05）。Kaplan-Meier法分析显示GPSM2 mRNA低表达组、GFPT2 mRNA低表达组、SNORA51mRNA低表达组3年生存率显著高于GPSM2 mRNA高表达组、GFPT2 mRNA高表达组、SNORA51mRNA高表达组（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析模型结果显示,血管侵犯、TNM分期Ⅲ期、GPSM2 mRNA高表达、GFPT2 mRNA高表达、SNORA51 mRNA高表达是HCC患者死亡的危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论：GPSM2 、GFPT2、SNORA51在HCC组织中异常高表达,且与血管侵犯、TNM分期等临床病理特征有关,GPSM2 、GFPT2 、SNORA51高表达是HCC患者死亡的危险因素。     

血清肿瘤标志物与宫颈癌病理特征的关系及对术后复发的预测研究

摘要 目的：探讨血清肿瘤标志物与宫颈癌病理特征的关系及对术后复发的预测研究。方法：选择2015年1月至2017年12月来我院诊治的宫颈癌患者82例作为观察组,选择同期来我院体检的健康女性者50例,两组均使用电化学发光免疫分析法检测血清中的CA125、CA153、CA199、CEA水平,观察组患者随访时间截至2022年12月。对比两组血清CA125、CA153、CA199、CEA水平,分析观察组患者血清CA125、CA153、CA199、CEA水平与临床病理特征的关系,分析观察组患者术后随访复发情况,宫颈癌根治术后患者复发的单因素与多因素Cox回归结果,血清CA125、CA153、CA199、CEA水平对宫颈癌根治术后复发的预测价值。结果：观察组的血清CA125、CA153、CA199、CEA水平明显较对照组高（P<0.05）。宫颈癌患者不同FIGO分期、间质浸润深度及是否存在淋巴结转移间血清CA125、CA153、CA199、CEA水平对比有统计学意义（P<0.05）。82例患者随访时间为13~60个月,中位生存时间为39个月,截止2022年12月末次随访,82例患者术后复发18例（21.95%）。单因素及多因素Cox回归分析表明,FIGO分期在ⅡA期、间质浸润深度≥1/2、有淋巴结转移、CA125≥307.41 U/mL、CA153≥185.89 U/mL、CA199≥153.23 U/mL、CEA≥30.15 ng/mL是影响宫颈癌术后复发的独立危险因素。ROC曲线显示,CA125+CA153+CA199+CEA预测宫颈癌术后复发的AUC明显较CA125、CA153、CA199、CEA单独指标预测价值高（P<0.05）。结论：宫颈癌患者血清CA125、CA153、CA199、CEA高表达,其与间质浸润深度、FIGO 分期、淋巴结转移、术后复发有关,四者联合可作为宫颈癌术后复发的预测指标。     

宫颈癌组织miR-200b-5p、miR-424-5p表达与临床病理特征、PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路和预后的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨宫颈癌组织微小核糖核酸（miRNA）-200b-5p、miR-424-5p表达与临床病理特征、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（PI3K/AKT/mTOR）信号通路和预后的关系。方法：选取2016年7月～2019年6月西安市中心医院收治的123例宫颈癌患者,采用定量聚合酶链式反应（qPCR）检测癌组织与癌旁组织中miR-200b-5p、miR-424-5p、PI3K信使RNA（mRNA）、AKT mRNA、mTOR mRNA表达。分析miR-200b-5p、miR-424-5p表达与PI3K mRNA、AKT mRNA、mTOR mRNA表达的相关性及与临床病理特征的关系。采用K-M法绘制不同miR-200b-5p、miR-424-5p表达宫颈癌患者生存曲线。结果：与癌旁组织比较,宫颈癌组织中miR-200b-5p、miR-424-5p表达降低,PI3K mRNA、AKT mRNA、mTOR mRNA表达升高（P＜0.05）。Pearson相关性分析显示,宫颈癌组织中miR-200b-5p、miR-424-5p表达与PI3K mRNA、AKT mRNA、mTOR mRNA表达均呈负相关,PI3K mRNA、AKT mRNA、mTOR mRNA表达呈两两相关（P＜0.05）。miR-200b-5p、miR-424-5p表达与宫颈癌分化程度、国际妇产科联盟（FIGO）分期和淋巴结转移有关（P＜0.05）。随访3年,123例宫颈癌患者累积生存率为62.60%（77/123）。K-M生存曲线分析显示,miR-200b-5p、miR-424-5p高表达组累积生存率分别高于miR-200b-5p、miR-424-5p低表达组（P＜0.05）。结论：宫颈癌组织中miR-200b-5p、miR-424-5p低表达,与分化程度、FIGO分期、淋巴结转移、PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路和预后有关。